By Valerie Leroux:
President Emmanuel Macron on Monday announced a “noticeable reduction” of French troop presence in Africa, where anti-French sentiment is running high in some former colonies. He was speaking in Paris ahead of a four-nation tour of central African countries from Wednesday, as France seeks to counter growing Chinese and Russian influence in the region. Macron is to visit Gabon for an environmental summit, followed by Angola, then the Republic of Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville, and finally the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo.
Paris has fallen out with new military authorities in Mali and Burkina Faso, withdrawing its troops from both former French colonies after years helping the authorities there battle jihadists. France still has thousands of troops in the wider Sahel region, including in Niger and Chad, but is seeking to tone down its presence on the ground.
Macron described this as a “reorganisation” of French military presence, rather than a withdrawal. “The change will happen in the coming months with a noticeable reduction of our numbers and a greater presence in these bases of our African partners,” he said. “We will remain but with a reduced footprint,” he said. “We will do more training, more equipping and better accompanying” of local troops according to their needs, he said.
Some military bases would become academies, while others would become “partner” bases, he added. Tey would see a “rise in the presence of their African partners according to goals defined” by these partners, he added.
‘Criminal mercenaries’
Alarm has grown in Paris over the growing role of Russia in French-speaking African countries, alongside a Chinese push for influence that has been apparent for some years. France and its Western allies accuse Russian mercenary group Wagner, infamous for its activities in Syria and Ukraine, of being active in Mali and the Central African Republic, also ruled by France in the colonial era.
Reports suggest Wagner is seeking to implant itself in Burkina Faso, claims Moscow dismissed last week. In recent months, Paris has also accused Russia of spreading disinformation to undermine French interests on the continent. Macron on Monday described Wagner as “a group of criminal mercenaries… acting as life insurance for failing regimes or those who seized power by force”. He dismissed the group as only bringing a “security response” to a country’s issues, at the cost of “preying on mines, raw materials”. French sources earlier this year said a Wagner delegation had visited mineral-rich Burkina Faso, where a Russian firm already operates several gold mines.
Macron has insisted Africa is a priority of his second mandate in power, and in July he undertook a trip to Cameroon, Benin and Guinea-Bissau. Monday’s address followed a 2017 speech to students at a university in Burkina Faso in which he pledged to break away from his country’s former post-colonial policies on the continent of more than 50 countries. In that speech, he criticised “the crimes of European colonisation” and called for a “truly new relationship” between Africa and Europe.
‘Mutual relationship’
On Monday, Macron again sought to distance himself from the past. “To measure our influence through a number of military operations… or to consider that certain economic markets are rightfully ours because we were there before — these are things of the past,” he said. “We need to build a new balanced, mutual and responsible relationship” with African countries, he said.
He also said a new bill would be put forward in parliament in the coming weeks towards repatriating more artworks to African countries. Calls have grown in Africa for Western countries to hand back colonial spoils from their museums and private collections. French lawmakers in 2020 passed a bill allowing Paris to return artefacts to former colonies Benin and Senegal.
Macron will arrive in Gabon, a former French colony, on Wednesday to attend the One Forest Summit on preserving forests along the vast Congo River basin. He will then head to the former Portuguese colony of Angola as part of a drive to enhance French ties with English- and Portuguese-speaking parts of Africa. After Congo-Brazzaville, another former French colony, he will end his trip in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo — ruled by Belgium during the colonial era — on Friday and Saturday.
