Somaliland: An unrecognized state in search of legitimacyF
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The unrecognized state of Somaliland, on the Horn of Africa, will hold presidential elections in November 2024. The previous election, in 2017, had been the first in the country to be commended for its transparency. But initially scheduled for September 2022, they were postponed by decision of the electoral commission for a period of two years due to lack of resources. As of now, it remains unclear if the elections will proceed as schedules.
on a national level a (the ) and a . The president is elected by the people for a five-year term; there is an election extension that could also be added for two more years depending on national needs and approval. Somaliland held its first democratic election in 2003, after the president at that time died. There were also several other democratic elections in sequence. The second election was held on 26 June 2010, when the five-year term ended; there was an election extension, which was two more years. In 2017, there was a combination of presidential and parliamentary elections; the new president and parliament members were voted for at the same time.
The last democratic election was held in 2024, in which the current president of Somaliland was elected. In addition, There were only two parliamentary elections in Somaliland; the first parliamentary election was also held On September 25, 2005, in which 246 candidates participated from
Six electoral Regions in Somaliland. The (Baarlamaanka) has . The ("Golaha Wakiillada") will have 82 members, elected for a five-year term. The (Golaha Guurtida) will have 82 members, representing traditional leaders.The second parliament election was held 2017.
Presidents and Vice Presidents of Somaliland (1991–2024)
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Presidents
Vice Presidents
Years
Abdirahman Ahmed Ali
Hassan Isse Jama
1991-1993
Mohammed Hajji Ibraahin Egal
Abdirahman Aw Ali Faarah/Daahir Riyaale Kaahin
1993-2002
Daahir Riyaal Kaahin
Ahmed Yousuf Yaasin
2002-2010
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Siilaanyo
Abdirahman Abdullahi Ismail Saylici
2010-2017
Muse Biihi Abdi
Abdirahman Abdullahi Ismail Saylici
2017-2024
Abdirahman Abdulahi Cirro
Mohamed Aw Ali Abdi
2024-Present
Somaliland has a system, with numerous in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form .
Latest elections
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Presidential elections
[]
Candidate
Running mate
Party
Votes
%
407,908
63.92
225,519
35.34
Abdirashid Duale Diriye
4,699
0.74
Total
638,126
100.00
Valid votes
638,126
98.45
Invalid/blank votes
10,037
1.55
Total votes
648,163
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
1,227,048
52.82
Source: ,
Parliamentary elections
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Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
259,144
37.23
31
New
257,020
36.92
30
+2
179,937
25.85
21
0
Total
696,101
100.00
82
0
Registered voters/turnout
1,065,847
–
Source: ,
Municipal elections
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Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
268,815
38.99
93
−6
260,841
37.83
79
+11
159,801
23.18
48
+8
Total
689,457
100.00
220
–
Registered voters/turnout
1,065,847
–
Source:
Past elections
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2017 presidential election
[]
Candidate
Running mate
Party
Votes
%
305,909
55.10
226,092
40.73
Abdi Ahmed Musa Abyan
23,141
4.17
Total
555,142
100.00
Valid votes
555,142
98.15
Invalid/blank votes
10,475
1.85
Total votes
565,617
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
704,198
80.32
Source:
2012 municipal elections
[]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
244,795
30.19
99
163,789
20.20
68
105,105
12.96
40
Umadda
94,689
11.68
37
Rays
83,596
10.31
32
Xaqsoor
74,204
9.15
31
Dalsan
44,680
5.51
16
Total
810,858
100.00
323
Source:
2010 presidential election
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Candidate
Running mate
Party
Votes
%
266,906
49.59
178,881
33.23
Mohammad Rashid
92,459
17.18
Total
538,246
100.00
Total votes
538,246
–
Registered voters/turnout
1,069,914
50.31
Source: ,
Elections were delayed several times, and were finally held on 26 June 2010.
2005 parliamentary election
[]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
261,449
39.00
33
228,328
34.06
28
180,545
26.93
21
Total
670,322
100.00
82
Valid votes
670,322
99.32
Invalid/blank votes
4,585
0.68
Total votes
674,907
100.00
Source:
2003 presidential election
[]
Candidate
Running mate
Party
Votes
%
205,595
42.08
205,515
42.07
Mohammad Rashid
77,433
15.85
Total
488,543
100.00
Valid votes
488,543
97.98
Invalid/blank votes
10,096
2.02
Total votes
498,639
100.00
Source:
2002 municipal elections
[]
Party
Votes
%
179,389
40.76
83,158
18.90
49,444
11.24
47,942
10.89
40,538
9.21
39,596
9.00
Total
440,067
100.00
Source:
2001 constitutional referendum
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Choice
Votes
%
For
1,148,940
97.10
Against
34,302
2.90
Total
1,183,242
100.00
Valid votes
1,183,242
99.61
Invalid/blank votes
4,591
0.39
Total votes
1,187,833
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
1,188,746
99.92
Source:
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National Electoral Commission. (2020). Somaliland elections.
Africa Center for Strategic Studies. (2024, January 17). Somaliland: November 13, 2024 elections.
